Growth and physiology of loblolly pine in response to long-term resource management: defining growth potential in the southern United States
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چکیده
Leaf physiology and stem growth were assessed in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in response to 10 to 11 years of treatment with weed control (W), weed control plus irrigation (WI), weed control plus irrigation and fertigation (WIF), or weed control plus irrigation, fertigation, and pest control (WIFP) to determine whether increased resource availability can push productivity of loblolly pine closer to its biological growth potential expressed in favorable, exotic environments. Maximum basal area and stem biomass were 41 m2 ha–1 and 172 Mg ha–1, respectively, in response to fertigation. Stemwood biomass production was positively and linearly related to basal area. Belowground woody biomass was highest in the WIF and WIFP treatments and averaged 50 Mg ha–1, but the W and WI treatments exploited a greater area of soil with low-density coarse roots. Fertigation increased foliar nitrogen concentration and foliage biomass, but treatment had no effect on leaf physiological parameters or growth efficiency. Comparison with growth rates reported for loblolly pine in Hawaii revealed that loblolly pine grown in its native range can produce the high yields observed in exotic environments when stands are below maximum carrying capacity. Résumé : Dans le but de déterminer si une augmentation de la disponibilité des ressources peut rapprocher la productivité du pin des marais (Pinus taeda L.) de son potentiel biologique de croissance observé dans des environnements exotiques favorables, la physiologie foliaire et la croissance de la tige ont été mesurées 10 à 11 ans après l’application des traitements suivants : maı̂trise de la végétation concurrente (V), maı̂trise de la végétation concurrente et irrigation (VI), maı̂trise de la végétation concurrente, irrigation et fertigation (VIF) et maı̂trise de la végétation concurrente, irrigation, fertigation et contrôle des ravageurs (VIFR). À la suite de la fertigation, les valeurs maximales de surface terrière et de biomasse de la tige atteignaient respectivement de 41 m2 ha–1 et 172 Mg ha–1. La production en biomasse de la tige était positivement et linéairement reliée à la surface terrière. Les plus fortes valeurs de biomasse ligneuse des racines ont été observées dans les traitements VIF et VIFR et atteignaient en moyenne 50 Mg ha–1, mais les traitements V et VI exploitaient un plus grand volume de sol avec une plus faible densité de grosses racines. La fertigation a provoqué une augmentation de la concentration foliaire en azote et de la biomasse foliaire, mais ce traitement n’a eu aucun effet sur les paramètres physiologiques des feuilles et sur l’efficacité de la croissance. Une comparaison avec les taux de croissance publiés pour le pin des marais dans l’État d’Hawaii, aux États-Unis, montre que le pin des marais qui croı̂t dans son aire de répartition naturelle peut produire les hauts rendements observés dans des environnements exotiques lorsque les peuplements n’excèdent pas la capacité maximale de support du milieu. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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تاریخ انتشار 2008